A new University of Southern California (USC) study has found that tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a chemical widely used in dry cleaning, adhesives, spot cleaners, and metal polishes, is strongly associated with liver fibrosis, tripling the risk of significant liver scarring among U.S. adults with detectable exposure.
By analysing blood samples from 1,614 adults in the NHANES survey, researchers discovered that about 7% of Americans had measurable PCE levels, with higher-income individuals more likely to be exposed due to greater dry-cleaning use.
Lead author Dr. Brian P. Lee said the team was “surprised that so many people have detectable PCE in their blood, and that the link with liver scarring was so strong,” noting that the toxin may explain liver disease in patients without traditional risk factors like alcohol use or obesity.
The study also highlighted wider health dangers linked to PCE, including neurological impairment, kidney damage, developmental effects, and elevated cancer risk, prompting increased regulatory scrutiny.
The EPA has deemed PCE an “unreasonable risk” and previously announced a gradual 10-year phaseout, though that move is now under reconsideration. While the research cannot prove causation, the authors stress that environmental toxins like PCE may be contributing to rising U.S. liver disease rates. They hope the findings will guide policymakers and encourage at-risk individuals to seek screening, as liver disease often remains symptomless until its later stages.
Perchloroethylene, the name used for the chemical in New Zealand (also called PCE) is used in all-purpose spray cleaners (spot removers, mould cleaners), non-spray lubricants, glues and adhesives, and all-purpose waxes and polishes. It is also widely used in dry cleaning. According to the New Zealand Drycleaners & Launderers Association (DLANZ), most dry cleaners in New Zealand currently use PCE as a solvent for dry-cleaning purposes.”
Image credit: Towfiqu Barbhuiya
Read the labels while we still have them!